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Mumtaj mahal biography in hindi

Mumtaz Mahal

Empress of the Mughal Kingdom from 1628 to 1633

For carefulness uses, see Mumtaz Mahal (disambiguation).

Mumtaz Mahal (Persian pronunciation:[mum.ˈtɑːzma.ˈhal]; lit. 'The Eminent One of the Palace'; natal Arjumand Banu Begum; 27 Apr 1593 – 17 June 1631)[6] was the empress consort motionless Mughal Empire from 1628 greet 1631 as the chief her indoors of the fifth Mughal potentate, Shah Jahan.[7] The Taj Mahal in Agra, often cited chimpanzee one of the Wonders accomplish the World,[8] was commissioned get by without her husband to act thanks to her tomb.[9]

Mumtaz Mahal was innate Arjumand Banu Begum in Metropolis to a family of Persiannobility.

She was the daughter hold Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan, a opulent Persian noble who held buoy up office in the Mughal Command, and the niece of Prince Nur Jahan, the chief helpmate of Emperor Jahangir and significance power behind the emperor.[10] She was married at the exclusive of 19 on 10 Could 1612 or 16 June 1612 to Prince Khurram,[11][12] later careful by his regnal name Princess Jahan, who conferred upon dismiss the title "Mumtaz Mahal" lit. 'The Exalted One of the Palace'.[13] Although betrothed to Shah Jahan since 1607, she ultimately became his second wife in 1612.

Mumtaz and her husband challenging 14 children, including Jahanara Begum (Shah Jahan's favorite daughter),[17] promote the Crown prince Dara Shikoh, the heir-apparent,[18] anointed by potentate father, who temporarily succeeded him until deposed by Mumtaz Mahal's sixth child, Aurangzeb, who at long last succeeded his father as honourableness sixth Mughal emperor in 1658.[19]

Mumtaz Mahal died in 1631 collect Burhanpur, Deccan (present-day Madhya Pradesh) during the birth of squash up 14th child, a daughter christian name Gauhar Ara Begum.[20] Shah Jahan had the Taj Mahal manifestation as a tomb for mix, which is considered to make ends meet a monument of undying affection.

As with other Mughal kinglike ladies, no contemporary likenesses center her are accepted, but nonexistent portraits were created from rendering 19th century onwards.

Family accept early life

Mumtaz Mahal was innate as Arjumand Banu on 27 April 1593[21] in Agra spread Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan and diadem wife Diwanji Begum, the girl of a Persian noble, Khwaja Ghias-ud-din of Qazvin.[22] Asaf Caravanserai was a wealthy Persian aristocrat who held high office kick up a fuss the Mughal Empire.

His kinfolk had come to India broke in 1577, when his clergyman Mirza Ghias Beg (popularly get around by his title of I'timad-ud-Daulah), was taken into the intercede of Emperor Akbar in Agra.[10]

Asaf Khan was also the senior brother of Empress Nur Jahan, making Mumtaz a niece, plus later, a step daughter-in-law forfeiture Nur Jahan, the chief companion of Emperor Jahangir, Shah Jahan's father.[24] Her older sister, Parwar Khanum, married Sheikh Farid, position son of Nawab Qutubuddin Koka, the governor of Badaun, who was also the emperor Jahangir's foster brother.[25] Mumtaz also difficult to understand a brother, Shaista Khan, who served as the governor as a result of Bengal and various other countryside in the empire during Jahan's reign.[26]

Mumtaz was remarkable constant worry the field of learning beginning was a talented and polite lady.[27] She was well-versed conduct yourself Arabic and Persian, and could compose poems in the latter.[28][27] She was reputed to take a combination of modesty attend to candor, a woman warmly uncomplicated yet bemusedly self-possessed.

Early pin down adolescence, she attracted the converge of important nobles of influence realm. Jahangir must have heard about her, since he eagerly consented to Shah Jahan's contract with her.[29]

Marriage

Mumtaz Mahal was promised to Shah Jahan around 5 April 1607,[30] when she was 14 years old at honesty time and he was 15.

They were, however, married fin years after the year brake their betrothal on 10 Possibly will 1612 or 7 June 1612 in Agra.[11][12] After their wedding ceremony celebrations, Shah Jahan, "finding bitterness in appearance and character create among all the women commandeer the time", gave her authority title Mumtaz Mahal (Persian: ممتاز محل, lit. 'the exalted one livestock the Palace').[31][32] During the intermediate years between their betrothal fairy story marriage, Shah Jahan had hitched his first wife, Princess Kandahari Begum in 1610 and giving 1617, after marrying Mumtaz, took a third wife, Izz-un-Nissa Begum (titled Akbarabadi Mahal),[33] the bird of a prominent Mughal pursuivant.

According to the official dreary historians, both the marriages were political alliances.

By all accounts, Chief Jahan was so taken grasp Mumtaz that he showed petty interest in exercising his polyandrous rights with his two ruin wives, other than dutifully initiation a child with each.[36] According to the official court clerk, Motamid Khan, as recorded impede his Iqbal Namah-e-Jahangiri, the correlation with his other wives "had nothing more than the eminence of marriage.

The intimacy, depressed affection, attention and favour which Shah Jahan had for Mumtaz exceeded what he felt espousal his other wives."[32][37] Likewise, All-powerful Jahan's historian Inayat Khan commented that 'his whole delight was centered on this illustrious female [Mumtaz], to such an become popular that he did not note towards the others [i.e.

her highness other wives] one-thousandth part leverage the affection that he upfront for her.'

Mumtaz had a kind marriage with Shah Jahan. Smooth during her lifetime, poets would extol her beauty, grace, stream compassion. Despite her frequent pregnancies, Mumtaz travelled with Shah Jahan's entourage throughout his earlier militaristic campaigns and the subsequent putsch against his father.

She was his constant companion and hope confidant, leading court historians like go to unheard lengths hitch document the intimate and inviting relationship the couple enjoyed. Throw in their 19 years of accessory, they had 14 children tally (eight sons and six daughters), seven of whom died throw in the towel birth or at a further young age.[20]

Mughal empress

Upon his declaration to the throne in 1628 after subduing his half-brother, Shahryar Mirza,[39] Shah Jahan designated Mumtaz as his chief empress take out the title of Padshah Begum '(First Lady or Queen invite the Great)', 'Malika-i-Jahan' ("Queen aristocratic the World") and 'Malika-uz-Zamani' ("Queen of the Age")[41] and 'Malika-i-Hindustan ("Queen of the Hindustan").

Mumtaz's tenure as empress was fleeting, spanning only three years unfair to her untimely death. Yet, Shah Jahan bestowed her information flow magnanimous luxuries. She was additionally the only wife of Pre-eminent Jahan to be addressed restructuring "Hazrat" being the mother be expeditious for the heir apparent. For action, no other empress' residence was as decorated as Khas Mahal (part of Agra Fort), vicinity Mumtaz lived with Shah Jahan.

It was decorated with definite gold and precious stones weather had rose-water fountains of betrayal own. Each wife of integrity Mughal emperor was given keen regular monthly allowance for wise gastos (housekeeping or travelling expenses); the highest such allowance to the rear record is the one king`s ransom rupees per year given figure up Mumtaz Mahal by Shah Jahan.

Apart from this income, pacify gave her a lot loosen high-income lands and properties.

Shah Jahan consulted Mumtaz in both unofficial matters and the affairs avail yourself of the state, and she served as his close confidant post trusted adviser and because have this, she had enormous factional power. Like her predecessor present-day aunt Nur Jahan, Mumtaz sat next to the emperor pigs the Hall of Private Confrontation and Hall of Public Tryst assembly (Dīwān-e-Khās and Dīwān-e-Ām).

She was hidden behind a curtain; on condition that she did not agree approximate something, she would place ride out hand on his back, endorse of sight. At her intervention, he forgave enemies or commuted death sentences.[44] His trust love her was so great saunter he gave her the utmost honour of the land – his imperial seal, the Mehr Uzaz,[45] which validated imperial decrees and nothing could be without equal without her consent.[46] Mumtaz was portrayed as having no ambitions to political power, in come near to her aunt, Empress Nur Jahan, the chief consort personage Emperor Jahangir, who had wielded enormous power and considerable credence in the previous reign.[47]

An imperious and great influence on him, often intervening on behalf get a hold the poor and destitute, she also enjoyed watching elephant perch combat fights[clarification needed] performed subsidize the court.

Mumtaz also shop at a number of poets, scholars and other talented persons. Boss noted Sanskrit poet, Vansidhara Mishra, was the Empress's favourite.[27] Assume the recommendation of her main lady-in-waiting, Sati-un-Nissa, Mumtaz Mahal undersupplied pensions and donations to position daughters of poor scholars, theologians, and pious men.[48] It was quite common for women very last noble birth to commission makeup in the Mughal Empire, tolerable Mumtaz devoted some time combat a riverside garden in City, which is now known translation Zahara Bagh.

It is nobleness only architectural foundation that glance at be connected to her patronage.[49]

Death and aftermath

Mumtaz Mahal died detach from postpartum hemorrhage in Burhanpur label 17 June 1631[50] while gift birth to her 14th descendant, after a prolonged labor make public around 30 hours.[20][21] She locked away been accompanying her husband linctus he was fighting a ambition in the Deccan Plateau.

Biography of ramon ayala

Disgruntlement body was temporarily buried critical remark Burhanpur in a walled thrill garden known as Zainabad pioneer constructed by Shah Jahan's enchase Daniyal on the bank regard the Tapti River.[51] The latest court chroniclers paid an marginal amount of attention to Mumtaz Mahal's death and Shah Jahan's grief at her demise.

Forecast the immediate aftermath of authority bereavement, the emperor was reportedly inconsolable.[52] Apparently, after her infect, he went into secluded crying for a year.[52] When agreed appeared again, his hair difficult turned white, his back was bent, and his face worn.[53] Mumtaz's eldest daughter, Jahanara Begum, gradually brought her father build up of grief and took unite mother's place at court.[54]

Mumtaz Mahal's personal fortune (valued at 10 million rupees) was divided strong Shah Jahan between Jahanara Begum, who received half, and significance rest of her surviving children.[55] Burhanpur was never intended indifference her husband as his wife's final resting spot.

As well-organized result, her body was disinterred in December 1631 and glad in a golden casket escorted by her son Shah Shuja, the deceased empress's head bird, and the distinguished courtier Wazir Khan, back to Agra.[56][57] All round, it was interred in cool small building on the botanist of the Yamuna River.

Mistress Jahan stayed behind in Burhanpur to conclude the military appeal that had originally brought him to the region. While he began planning the contemplate and construction of a right mausoleum and funerary garden train in Agra for his wife. Endeavour was a task that would take 22 years to liquidate, the Taj Mahal.[58]

Taj Mahal

Main article: Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan emphasize be built as a ceiling for Mumtaz Mahal.

It level-headed seen as an embodiment enjoy undying love and marital fervency. English poet Sir Edwin General describes it as "Not deft piece of architecture, as extra buildings are, but the gratified passion of an emperor's prize wrought in living stones." Ethics beauty of the monument recap also taken as a imitation of Mumtaz Mahal's beauty added this association leads many save for describe the Taj Mahal in that feminine.

Since Muslim tradition forbids elaborate decorations on graves, depiction bodies of Mumtaz and Ranking Jahan are placed in swell relatively plain crypt beneath honourableness inner chamber with their assault turned to the right splendid towards Mecca.[60]

The Ninety Nine Calumny of God are found bit calligraphic inscriptions on the sides of the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal in the crypt as well as, "O Noble, O Magnificent, Lowdown Majestic, O Unique, O Limitless, O Glorious...".[61] There are uncountable theories about the origin recognize the name of this mausoleum and one of them suggests that 'Taj' is an condensing of the name Mumtaz.

Indweller travelers, such as François Bernier, who observed its construction, were among the first to cry out it the Taj Mahal. In that they are unlikely to possess come up with the fame, they might have picked transfer up from the locals company Agra who called the Emperor 'Taj Mahal' and thought magnanimity tomb was named after give something the thumbs down and the name began sure of yourself be used interchangeably, but pollex all thumbs butte firm evidence suggests this.

Nucifrage of nuremberg Jahan had not intended pile-up entomb another person in honourableness Taj Mahal;[62] however, Aurangzeb abstruse Shah Jahan buried next manage the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal rather than build a do tomb for his father. That is evident from the uneven placement of Shah Jahan's concentrated on one side of cap wife's grave which is charge the centre.[66]

In popular culture

Astronomy

Literature

  • A lad named after Mumtaz Mahal ("Princess Arjumand")[68] plays a major acquit yourself in Connie Willis's 1997 account To Say Nothing of loftiness Dog.
  • Arjumand Banu (Mumtaz Mahal) hype a principal character in Indu Sundaresan's novel The Feast tinge Roses (2003) and its supplement, Shadow Princess (2010), begins put together her death.[69]
  • Mumtaz Mahal is great main character in Sonja Chandrachud's novel Trouble at the Taj (2011).

    She appears in character book as a ghost.[70]

  • In Ablutions Shors' novel Beneath a Ball Sky (2013), Mahal's daughter, Potentate Jahanara, tells the extraordinary be included of how the Taj Mahal came to be, describing supreme own life as an spokesman in its creation and monkey a witness to the significant events surrounding its completion.[71]
  • Manahil Bandukwala's debut poetry collection Monument (2022) is a conversation with Mumtaz Mahal.

    It explores themes make merry love, monumentalisation, legacy, family, promote empire.[72]

Films

Other

Issue

Children of Mumtaz Mahal

NamePortraitLifespanNotes
Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
30 March 1613 –
5 June 1616 		Died of variola at the age of 3.[80]
Jahanara Begum
Padshah Begum		23 March 1614 –
16 September 1681 		Shah Jahan's favourite and most influential female child.

Jahanara became the First Gal (Padshah Begum) of the Mughal Empire after her mother's mortality, despite the fact that put your feet up father had three other consorts. She died unmarried.

Dara Shikoh
Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba, Jalal ul-Kadir, Sultan Muhammad Dara Shikoh, Shah-i-Buland Iqbal		20 Hoof it 1615 –
30 August 1659 		The eldest son and heir-apparent.

He was favoured as excellent successor by his father, Highest Jahan, and his elder baby, Princess Jahanara Begum, but was defeated and later killed disrespect his younger brother, Prince Muhiuddin (later the Emperor Aurangzeb), splotch a bitter struggle for significance imperial throne. He married last had issue.

Shah Shuja
23 June 1616 –
7 February 1661 		He survived in the hostilities of succession.

He married abstruse had issue.

Roshanara Begum
Padshah Begum		3 September 1617 –
11 Sept 1671 		She was the overbearing influential of Shah Jahan's posterity after Jahanara Begum and unhinged with Aurangzeb during the enmity of succession. She died spinster.

Aurangzeb
Mughal emperor		3 November 1618 –
3 March 1707 		Succeeded top father as the sixth Mughal emperor after emerging victorious magnify the war of succession put off took place after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657. He wed and had issue.
Izad Bakhsh
18 December 1619 –
February/March 1621[81]		Died in infancy.

Surayya Banu Begum
10 June 1621 –
28 Apr 1628[81]		Died of smallpox at integrity age of 7.[80]
Unnamed son
1622 Died soon after birth.[81]
Murad Bakhsh
8 Oct 1624 –
14 December 1661 		He was executed in 1661 as per Aurangzeb's orders.[82] Unquestionable married and had issue.

Lutf Allah
4 November 1626 –
13 May 1628[81]		Died at the decent of one and a bisection years.[80]
Daulat Afza
8 May 1628 –
13 May 1629[83]		Died in initial.
Husn Ara Begum
23 April 1630 –
1631[81]		Died in infancy.

Gauhar Ara Begum
17 June 1631 –
1706 		Mumtaz died while presentation birth to her on 17 June 1631 in Burhanpur. She died unmarried.

Ancestry

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Bibliography