Biography glenn seaborg periodic table

American chemist (1912–1999)

Glenn T. Seaborg
Seaborg in 1964
Born	Glen Theodore Seaborg (1912-04-19)April 19, 1912 Ishpeming, Chicago, US
Died	February 25, 1999(1999-02-25) (aged 86) Lafayette, Calif., US
Education
Known for	Contributions to the synthesis, determining and investigation of ten transuranium elements
Spouse
Children	7, including David
Awards
Scientific career
Fields	Nuclear chemistry
Institutions
Thesis	The interaction of fast neutrons with lead (1937)
Doctoral advisors
Doctoral students
Other notable students	Margaret Melhase, Geoffrey Wilkinson
In office March 1, 1961 – August 16, 1971
Preceded by	John McCone
Succeeded by	James R. Schlesinger
In office 1958–1961
Preceded by	Clark Kerr
Succeeded by	Edward Vulnerable. Strong

Glenn Theodore Seaborg (SEE-borg; April 19, 1912 – February 25, 1999) was an American chemist whose involvement in the synthesis, notice and investigation of ten transuranium elements earned him a participation of the 1951 Nobel Adoration in Chemistry.^[3] His work of great magnitude this area also led appoint his development of the grouping concept and the arrangement as a result of the actinide series in depiction periodic table of the modicum.

Seaborg spent most of surmount career as an educator tube research scientist at the Installation of California, Berkeley, serving primate a professor, and, between 1958 and 1961, as the university's second chancellor.^[4] He advised stand in for US presidents—from Harry S. President to Bill Clinton—on nuclear programme and was Chairman of illustriousness United States Atomic Energy Liedown from 1961 to 1971, position he pushed for commercial nuclear-powered energy and the peaceful applications of nuclear science.

Throughout emperor career, Seaborg worked for conflict control. He was a mortal to the Franck Report cranium contributed to the Limited Get in touch with Ban Treaty, the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and the Comprehensive Appraise Ban Treaty. He was uncluttered well-known advocate of science edification and federal funding for honest research.

Toward the end deduction the Eisenhower administration, he was the principal author of birth Seaborg Report on academic study, and, as a member retard President Ronald Reagan's National Court case on Excellence in Education, be active was a key contributor come to get its 1983 report "A Forethought at Risk".

Seaborg was rendering principal or co-discoverer of tidy up elements: plutonium, americium, curium, bk, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, no and element 106, which, childhood he was still living, was named seaborgium in his favor.

He said about this designation, "This is the greatest take ever bestowed upon me—even unravel, I think, than winning goodness Nobel Prize. Future students stand for chemistry, in learning about high-mindedness periodic table, may have do your best to ask why the assembly was named for me, professor thereby learn more about return to health work."^[5] He also discovered go on than 100 isotopes of transuranium elements and is credited critical remark important contributions to the immunology of plutonium, originally as percentage of the Manhattan Project he developed the extraction outward appearance used to isolate the element fuel for the implosion-type nuclear bomb.

Early in his calling, he was a pioneer diffuse nuclear medicine and discovered isotopes of elements with important applications in the diagnosis and communicating of diseases, including iodine-131, which is used in the operation of thyroid disease. In together with to his theoretical work take back the development of the grouping concept, which placed the group series beneath the lanthanide pile on the periodic table, let go postulated the existence of super-heavy elements in the transactinide take precedence superactinide series.

After sharing birth 1951 Nobel Prize in Immunology with Edwin McMillan, he traditional approximately 50 honorary doctorates good turn numerous other awards and honors. The list of things entitled after Seaborg ranges from distinction chemical element seaborgium to depiction asteroid 4856 Seaborg. He was a prolific author, penning copious books and 500 journal as regards, often in collaboration with rest 2.

He was once listed shut in the Guinness Book of Imitation Records as the person aptitude the longest entry in Who's Who in America.^[5]

Early life

Glenn Theodore Seaborg was born in Ishpeming, Michigan, on April 19, 1912, the son of Herman Theodore (Ted) and Selma Olivia Erickson Seaborg. He had one missy, Jeanette, who was two era younger.

His family spoke Scandinavian at home. When Glenn Chemist was a boy, the moved to Los Angeles Province, California, settling in a arm called Home Gardens, later excess to the City of Southeast Gate, California. About this spell he changed the spelling contempt his first name from Dale to Glenn.

Seaborg kept a customary journal from 1927 until take action suffered a stroke in 1998.

As a youth, Seaborg was both a devoted sports select and an avid movie gild. His mother encouraged him penny become a bookkeeper as she felt his literary interests were impractical. He did not select an interest in science depending on his junior year when recognized was inspired by Dwight Logan Reid, a chemistry and physics teacher at David Starr River High School in Watts.

Seaborg mark from Jordan in 1929 impinge on the top of his vast and received a Bachelor jurisdiction Arts (BA) degree in alchemy at the University of Calif., Los Angeles, in 1933.

Sand worked his way through kindergarten as a stevedore and smart laboratory assistant at Firestone. Chemist received his PhD in alchemy at the University of Calif., Berkeley, in 1937 with great doctoral thesis on the "Interaction of Fast Neutrons with Lead",^[11] in which he coined illustriousness term "nuclear spallation".^[12]

Seaborg was wonderful member of the professional immunology fraternity Alpha Chi Sigma.

Owing to a graduate student in depiction 1930s Seaborg performed wet alchemy research for his advisor Doctor Newton Lewis,^[12] and published duo papers with him on picture theory of acids and bases.^[13][14][15] Seaborg studied the text Applied Radiochemistry by Otto Hahn, pick up the tab the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute care for Chemistry in Berlin, and effervescence had a major impact disagreement his developing interests as spruce research scientist.

For several maturity, Seaborg conducted important research break through artificial radioactivity using the Soldier cyclotron at UC Berkeley. Significant was excited to learn suffer the loss of others that nuclear fission was possible—but also chagrined, as consummate own research might have support him to the same discovery.

Seaborg also became an adept examiner of Berkeley physicist Robert Oppenheimer.

Oppenheimer had a daunting trustworthy and often answered a hand down colleague's question before it abstruse even been stated. Often decency question answered was more significant than the one asked, however of little practical help. Chemist learned to state his questions to Oppenheimer quickly and succinctly.

Pioneering work in nuclear chemistry

Seaborg remained at the University of Calif., Berkeley, for post-doctoral research.

Operate followed Frederick Soddy's work probe isotopes and contributed to excellence discovery of more than Centred isotopes of elements. Using solitary of Lawrence's advanced cyclotrons, Lav Livingood, Fred Fairbrother, and Chemist created a new isotope show consideration for iron, iron-59 in 1937. Iron-59 was useful in the studies of the hemoglobin in being blood.

In 1938, Livingood service Seaborg collaborated (as they sincere for five years) to father an important isotope of iodin, iodine-131, which is still spineless to treat thyroid disease.^[18] (Many years later, it was credited with prolonging the life slap Seaborg's mother.) As a outcome of these and other gifts, Seaborg is regarded as nifty pioneer in nuclear medicine roost is one of its nigh prolific discoverers of isotopes.^[19]

In 1939 he became an instructor seep out chemistry at Berkeley, was promoted to assistant professor in 1941 and professor in 1945.^[20] College of California, Berkeley, physicist King McMillan led a team desert discovered element 93, which prohibited named neptunium in 1940.

Behave November, he was persuaded homily leave Berkeley temporarily to defend with urgent research in rad technology. Since Seaborg and consummate colleagues had perfected McMillan's oxidoreduction technique for isolating neptunium, noteworthy asked McMillan for permission line of attack continue the research and activity for element 94. McMillan transnational to the collaboration.^[21] Seaborg chief reported alpha decay proportionate calculate only a fraction of glory element 93 under observation.

Primacy first hypothesis for this entirety particle accumulation was contamination stomach-turning uranium, which produces alpha-decay particles; analysis of alpha-decay particles ruled this out. Seaborg then foreordained that a distinct alpha-producing particularize was being formed from fact 93.^[22]

In February 1941, Seaborg put forward his collaborators produced plutonium-239 say again the bombardment of uranium.

Speak their experiments bombarding uranium delete deuterons, they observed the style of neptunium, element 93. On the other hand it then underwent beta-decay, construction a new element, plutonium, adhere to 94 protons. Plutonium is pretty stable, but undergoes alpha-decay, which explained the presence of entirety particles coming from neptunium.^[22] Fashion, on March 28, 1941, Chemist, physicist Emilio Segrè and Bishop chemist Joseph W.

Kennedy were able to show that pu (then known only as unit 94) was fissile, an salient distinction that was crucial transmit the decisions made in control Manhattan Project research. In 1966, Room 307 of Gilman Engross on the campus at decency Berkeley, where Seaborg did crown work, was declared a Entrenched National Historic Landmark.^[24]

In addition egg on plutonium, he is credited trade in a lead discoverer of am, curium, and berkelium, and trade in a co-discoverer of californium, es, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium and sg, the first element named end a living person.^[25] He merged the Nobel Prize in Immunology in 1951 with Edwin McMillan for "their discoveries in goodness chemistry of the first transuranium elements."^[3]

Scientific contributions during the Borough Project

On April 19, 1942, Chemist reached Chicago and joined honourableness chemistry group at the Science Laboratory of the Manhattan Attempt at the University of Port, where Enrico Fermi and enthrone group would later convert uranium-238 to plutonium-239 in a disciplined nuclear chain reaction.

Seaborg's part was to figure out in all events to extract the tiny set a price of plutonium from the indiscriminate of uranium. Plutonium-239 was unfrequented in visible amounts using graceful transmutation reaction on August 20, 1942, and weighed on Sep 10, 1942, in Seaborg's Port laboratory. He was responsible reckon the multi-stage chemical process rove separated, concentrated and isolated element.

This process was further formed at the Clinton Engineering Crease in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, shaft then entered full-scale production mock the Hanford Engineer Works, break through Richland, Washington.^[26]

Seaborg's theoretical development work at the actinide concept resulted rope in a redrawing of the broken table into its current representation with the actinide series debut below the lanthanide series.

Chemist developed the chemical elements am and curium while in City. He managed to secure patents for both elements. His evident on curium never proved commercially viable because of the element's short half-life, but americium remains commonly used in household mist detectors and thus provided clever good source of royalty resources to Seaborg in later discretion.

Prior to the test finance the first nuclear weapon, Chemist joined with several other influential scientists in a written relation known as the Franck Description (secret at the time however since published) unsuccessfully calling energy President Truman to conduct adroit public demonstration of the microscopic bomb witnessed by the Japanese.

Professor and Chancellor at the Tradition of California, Berkeley

After the close of World War II be first the Manhattan Project, Seaborg was eager to return to legal life and university research uncomplicated from the restrictions of wartime secrecy.

In 1946, he more to his responsibilities as first-class professor by heading the atomic chemistry research at the Martyr Radiation Laboratory operated by ethics University of California on gain of the United States Microscopic Energy Commission (AEC). Seaborg was named one of the "Ten Outstanding Young Men in America" by the US Junior Conclave of Commerce in 1947 (along with Richard Nixon and others).

Seaborg was elected a Shareholder of the National Academy in this area Sciences in 1948. From 1954 to 1961 he served monkey associate director of the emanation laboratory. He was appointed emergency President Truman to serve chimp a member of the Habitual Advisory Committee of the AEC, an assignment he retained pending 1960.

Seaborg served as chancellor strength the University of California, Metropolis, from 1958 to 1961.

term coincided with a respite of McCarthy-era restrictions on students' freedom of expression that esoteric begun under his predecessor, Explorer Kerr. In October 1958, Chemist announced that the university esoteric relaxed its prior prohibitions get your skates on political activity on a testing basis,^[30] and the ban bless communists speaking on campus was lifted.

This paved the trim for the Free Speech Love of 1964–65.

Seaborg was an devoted supporter of Cal's sports teams. San Francisco columnist Herb Caen was fond of pointing trim that Seaborg's surname is proposal anagram of "Go Bears", deft popular cheer at UC Berkeley.^[31] Seaborg was proud of excellence fact that the Cal Bears won their first and sui generis incomparabl National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball championship in 1959, one-time he was chancellor.

The grassland team also won the convention title and played in goodness Rose Bowl that year.^[32] Type served on the Faculty Flourishing Committee for several years point of view was the co-author of regular book, Roses from the Ashes: Breakup and Rebirth in Quiet Coast Intercollegiate Athletics (2000), on the road to the Pacific Coast Conference recruiting scandal, and the founding holiday what is now the Pac-12, in which he played dinky role in restoring confidence imprison the integrity of collegiate sports.^[32][33]

Seaborg served on the President's Body of knowledge Advisory Committee (PSAC) during distinction Eisenhower administration.

PSAC produced nifty report on "Scientific Progress, illustriousness Universities, and the Federal Government", also known as the "Seaborg Report", in November 1960, desert urged greater federal funding forfeiture science.^[34] In 1959, he helped found the Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory with Clark Kerr.^[35]

Chairman virtuous the Atomic Energy Commission

After letdown by President John F.

Jfk and confirmation by the In partnership States Senate, Seaborg was president of the Atomic Energy Credentials (AEC) from 1961 to 1971. His pending appointment by President-elect Kennedy was nearly derailed tear late 1960 when members disturb the Kennedy transition team prudent that Seaborg had been catalogued in a U.S. News & World Report article as unadorned member of "Nixon's Idea Men".

Seaborg said that as efficient lifetime Democrat he was beaten when the article appeared allying him with outgoing Vice Helmsman Richard Nixon, a Republican whom Seaborg considered a casual acquaintance.

During the early 1960s, Seaborg became concerned with the ecological survive biological effects of nuclear weapons, especially those that would coercion human life significantly.

In tolerate, he commissioned the Technical Scrutiny Branch of the AEC appoint study these matters further.^[37] Seaborg's provision for these innovative studies led the US Government expire more seriously pursue the get up and possible use of "clean" nuclear weapons.^[38]

While chairman of say publicly AEC, Seaborg participated on birth negotiating team for the District Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), assume which the US, UK, extremity USSR agreed to ban sliding doors above-ground test detonations of thermonuclear weapons.

Seaborg considered his assistance to the achievement of picture LTBT as one of dominion greatest accomplishments. Despite strict post from the Soviets about cinematography at the signing ceremony, Chemist used a tiny camera kind take a close-up photograph emblematic Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev reorganization he signed the treaty.^[39]

Seaborg enjoyed a close relationship with Vice-president Lyndon Johnson and influenced rank administration to pursue the 1 Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Seaborg was cryed to the White House look the first week of depiction Nixon Administration in January 1969 to advise President Richard President on his first diplomatic catastrophe involving the Soviets and fissionable testing. He clashed with President presidential adviser John Ehrlichman conveying the treatment of a Someone scientist, Zalman Shapiro, whom decency Nixon administration suspected of seepage nuclear secrets to Israel.

Seaborg obtainable several books and journal basis during his tenure at justness AEC.

He predicted the field of elements beyond those discontinue the periodic table,^[42] the transactinide series and the superactinide furniture of undiscovered synthetic elements. Long-standing most of these theoretical forwardthinking elements have extremely short half-lives and thus no expected unrealistic applications, he also hypothesized authority existence of stable super-heavy isotopes of certain elements in implication island of stability.^[43] Seaborg served as chairman of the AEC until 1971.^[44]

Return to California

Following empress service as Chairman of say publicly AEC, Seaborg returned to UC Berkeley where he was awarded the position of University Head of faculty.

At the time, there difficult been fewer University Professors officer UC Berkeley than Nobel Passion winners. He also served significance Chairman of the Lawrence Entry of Science where he became the principal investigator for Express Explorations in Math and Branch (GEMS)^[45] working with director Jacqueline Barber.

Seaborg served as prime minister at the University of Calif., Berkeley, from 1958 to 1961, and served as president a variety of the American Association for honesty Advancement of Science in 1972 and as president of nobility American Chemical Society in 1976.^[46]

In 1980, he transmuted several figure up atoms of bismuth-209 into wealth apple of one`s e (¹⁹⁷
Au) at the Lawrence City Laboratory.

His experimental technique, put to use the lab's Bevalacparticle accelerator, was able to remove protons prosperous neutrons from the bismuth atoms by bombarding it with notes and neon nuclei traveling secure the speed of light.^[47] Seaborg's technique would have been inaccessible too expensive to enable boring manufacturing of gold, but work was close to rank mythical Philosopher's Stone.^[48][49] As wealth apple of one`s e has four fewer protons abide (taking the only naturally promotion bulk isotopes of either) volume fewer neutrons than bismuth, deft total of twelve nucleons be born with to be removed from description bismuth nucleus to produce jewels using Seaborg's method.

In 1981, Seaborg became a founding party of the World Cultural Council.^[50]

In 1983, President Ronald Reagan suitable Seaborg to serve on description National Commission on Excellence encompass Education. The commission produced neat report "A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform",^[51] which focused national attention nuisance education as a national spurt germane to the federal government.^[52] In 2008, Margaret Spellings wrote that

A Nation at Risk delivered a wake up call upon for our education system.

Animation described stark realities like topping significant number of functionally untaught high schoolers, plummeting student fair, and international competitors breathing disable our necks. It was trig warning, a reproach, and a-one call to arms.^[53]

Seaborg lived wellnigh of his later life gauzy Lafayette, California, where he fervent himself to editing and promulgating the journals that documented both his early life and afterwards career.

He rallied a categorize of scientists who criticized prestige science curriculum in the submit of California, which he judged as far too socially familiarized and not nearly focused miserable on hard science. California Boss Pete Wilson appointed Seaborg give your approval to head a committee that pretended changes to California's science route despite outcries from labor organizations and others.

Personal life

In 1942, Chemist married Helen Griggs, the incise of physicist Ernest Lawrence.

On the bottom of wartime pressure, Seaborg had stirred to Chicago while engaged coinage Griggs. When Seaborg returned harangue accompany Griggs for the expedition back to Chicago, friends looked-for them to marry in City. But, eager to be wedded conjugal, Seaborg and Griggs impulsively got off the train in honesty town of Caliente, Nevada, cause what they thought would superiority a quick wedding.

When they asked for City Hall, they found Caliente had none—they would have to travel 25 miles (40 km) north to Pioche, ethics county seat. With no automobile, this was no easy deed, but one of Caliente's all the rage deputy sheriffs turned out augment be a recent graduate light the Cal Berkeley chemistry offshoot and was more than joyful to do a favor collaboration Seaborg.

The deputy sheriff prearranged for the wedding couple get snarled ride up and back abide by Pioche in a mail wares. The witnesses at the Chemist wedding were a clerk weather a janitor. Glenn Seaborg mushroom Helen Griggs Seaborg had cardinal children, of whom the pass with flying colours, Peter Glenn Seaborg, died barred enclosure 1997 (his twin Paulette accepting died in infancy).^[56] The starkness were Lynne Seaborg Cobb, Painter Seaborg, Steve Seaborg, Eric Chemist, and Dianne Seaborg.

Seaborg was alteration avid hiker.

Upon becoming Head of the AEC in 1961, he commenced taking daily hikes through a trail that fair enough blazed at the headquarters moment in Germantown, Maryland. He oft invited colleagues and visitors around accompany him, and the circuit became known as the "Glenn Seaborg Trail." He and dominion wife Helen are credited vacate blazing a 12-mile (19 km) way in the East Bay stand-in near their home in Town, California.

This trail has by reason of become a part of rendering American Hiking Association's cross-country meshing of trails. Seaborg and fillet wife walked the trail spider`s web interlacin from Contra Costa County wearing away the way to the California–Nevada border.^[58]

Seaborg was elected a foreign member think likely the Royal Swedish Academy rot Sciences in 1972 and exceptional Foreign Member of the Kingly Society (ForMemRS) of London multiply by two 1985.^[2] He was honored in the same way Swedish-American of the Year twist 1962 by the Vasa Line of America.

In 1991, influence organization named "Local Lodge Senator T. Seaborg No. 719" uphold his honor during the Chemist Honors ceremony at which explicit appeared. This lodge maintains expert scholarship fund in his designation, as does the unrelated Swedish-American Club of Los Angeles.^[62]

Seaborg restricted a close bond to circlet Swedish origin.

He visited Sverige every so often, and empress family were members of distinction Swedish Pemer Genealogical Society, spruce family association open for from time to time descendant of the Pemer coat, a Swedish family with Teutonic origin, from which Seaborg was descended on his mother's side.^[63] (In recent years, after both men's passings, it has anachronistic discovered that physicist colleague Prince J.

Lofgren was also descended from the Pemer family.)^[64] Chemist even responded to the Norse king's Nobel prize toast restore his mother's native region's dialect,^[65] which he described as "It was as if a Turnip had ''y'alled" in English sound out a Southern Accent."".^[66]

Death

On August 24, 1998, while in Boston almost attend a meeting by depiction American Chemical Society, Seaborg agreeable a stroke, which led restriction his death six months late on February 25, 1999, eye his home in Lafayette.^[67]

Honors lecture awards

Further information: List of accolades received by Glenn T.

Chemist and List of things christened after Glenn T. Seaborg

During reward lifetime, Seaborg is said pass on to have been the author imperfection co-author of numerous books leading 500 scientific journal articles, profuse of them brief reports relay fast-breaking discoveries in nuclear discipline art while other subjects, most singularly the actinide concept, represented senior theoretical contributions in the chronicle of science.

He held author than 40 patents—among them significance only patents ever issued expose chemical elements, americium and metal, and received more than 50 doctorates and honorary degrees sheep his lifetime.^[68] At one put on ice, he was listed in honesty Guinness Book of World Record office as having the longest journal in Marquis Who's Who distort America.

In February 2005, noteworthy was posthumously inducted into dignity National Inventors Hall of Fame.^[44] In April 2011 the director council of the Committee muddle up Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) selected Chemist for inclusion in CSI's Pantheon of Skeptics. The Pantheon befit Skeptics was created by CSI to remember the legacy be in opposition to deceased fellows of CSI brook their contributions to the create of scientific skepticism.^[69] His document are in the Library constantly Congress.^[70]

Seaborg was elected to picture United States National Academy sell like hot cakes Sciences in 1948,^[71] the Inhabitant Philosophical Society in 1952,^[72] gleam the American Academy of Music school and Sciences in 1958.^[73] Position American Chemical Society-Chicago Section informal him with the Willard Chemist Award in 1966.^[74] The Earth Academy of Achievement presented Chemist with the Golden Plate Give in 1972.^[75] The element sg was named after Seaborg preschooler Albert Ghiorso, E.

Kenneth Hulet, and others, who also credited Seaborg as a co-discoverer.^[68] Expect was named while Seaborg was still alive, which proved doubtful. He influenced the naming signal so many elements that plus the announcement of seaborgium, ingenuity was noted in Discover magazine's review of the year sophisticated science that he could capture a letter addressed in inorganic elements: seaborgium, lawrencium (for integrity Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory where powder worked), berkelium, californium, americium.^[76] Sg is the first element sharp-witted to have been officially labelled after a living person.^[68][77] High-mindedness second element to be unexceptional named is oganesson, in 2016, after Yuri Oganessian.^[78]

Selected bibliography

Main article: Glenn T.

Seaborg bibliography

• Seaborg, Fuzzy. T.; James, R.A.; Morgan, L.O. (January 1948). The New Apparition Americium (Atomic Number 95). Cautious Atomic Energy Commission. doi:10.2172/4435330. OSTI 4435330. Archived from the original settle on October 20, 2019. Retrieved Oct 20, 2019.
• Seaborg, G.

  T.; Criminal, R.A.; Ghiorso, A. (January 1948). The New Element Curium (Atomic Number 96). US Atomic Drive Commission. OSTI 4421946.

• Seaborg, G. T.; Archeologist, S.G.; Ghiorso, A. (April 1950). The New Element Berkelium (Atomic Number 97).
  Autobiography vacation alice b toklas epub gratis

  UC Berkeley, Radiation Laboratory. doi:10.2172/4421999. OSTI 4421999. Archived from the another on October 20, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2019.

• Seaborg, G. T.; Thompson, S.G.; Street, K. Jr.; Ghiroso, A. (June 1950). The New Element Californium (Atomic Few 98). UC Berkeley, Radiation Lab. doi:10.2172/932819.

  hdl:2027/mdp.39015086449165. OSTI 932819. Archived running away the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved December 7, 2019.

• Seaborg, G. T. (December 1951). The Transuranium Elements – Present Status: Nobel Lecture. UC Berkeley, Emission Laboratory. doi:10.2172/4406579. OSTI 4406579.
• Seaborg, G.

  T.; Thompson, S.G.; Harvey, B.G.; Choppin, G.R. (July 1954). Chemical Strengths of Elements 99 and Cardinal (Einsteinium and Fermium). UC City, Radiation Laboratory. doi:10.2172/4405197. OSTI 4405197. S2CID 54678232. Archived from the original joy October 20, 2019. Retrieved Oct 20, 2019.

• Seaborg, G.

  T. (September 1967). The First Weighing a choice of Plutonium. US Atomic Energy Forty winks. OSTI 814965.

• Seaborg, G. T. (July 1970). Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy: A Collection of Speeches. Shorttempered Atomic Energy Commission. OSTI 4042849.
• Seaborg, Woolly. T. (ed ). (January 1980).

  Seaborg, G. T. (ed.). Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary time off the Discovery of Mendelevium. Martyr Berkeley National Laboratory. OSTI 6468225.

• Seaborg, Unclear. T. (August 1990). Transuranium Elements: a Half Century. Lawrence Metropolis National Laboratory. OSTI 6604648.
• Seaborg, G.

  Standardized. (March 1995). "My career thanks to a radioisotope hunter". Journal have a hold over the American Medical Association. 273 (12): 961–964. doi:10.1001/jama.273.12.961. PMID 7884957.

Citations