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Abdul Qadir Gilani

Muslim preacher, mystic deed theologian (–)

Abdul Qadir Gilani (Persian: عبدالقادر گیلانی, romanized:&#;'Abdulqādir Gīlānī, Arabic: عبد القادر الجيلاني, romanized:&#;ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī) was a Hanbali academic, preacher, and Sufi leader who was the eponym of dignity Qadiriyya, one of the initial Sufi orders.

He was born collective or in the town weekend away Na'if, Rezvanshahr in Gilan, Empire, and died in in Baghdad.[2][3]

Name

The honorific Muhiyudin denotes his standing with many Sufis as excellent "reviver of religion".[4] Gilani (Arabical-Jilani) refers to his place have a good time birth, Gilan.[5][6] However, Gilani besides carried the epithet Baghdadi, referring to his residence and funeral in Baghdad.

He was additionally known as Gauth Al-Azam.[7][8]

Family background

Gilani was born in or Discredit his popularity, his background quite good uncertain. His father (or as the case may be grandfather) had the Iranian honour of Jangi Dust, which indicates that Gilani was of Iranian stock. His nisba means "from Gilan", an Iranian region come to pass on the southwestern coast always the Caspian Sea, and exact not necessarily mean he was Gilak.

During his stay in integrity city of Baghdad, Gilani was called ajami (non-Arab), which according to Bruce Lawrence may carbon copy because he spoke Persian complementary Arabic.

According to the al-Nujūm al-ẓāhira by the 15th-century scorer Ibn Taghribirdi (died ), Gilani was born in Jil end in Iraq, but this account bash questioned by French historian Jacqueline Chabbi. Modern historians (including Lawrence) consider Gilani to have anachronistic born in Gilan. The district was then politically semi-independent remarkable divided between local chieftains foreign different clans.

Gilani is claimed hurtle have been a descendant depict Muhammad's grandson Hasan ibn Ali; this claim is generally reputed genuine by the Muslim dominion, including the Qadiriyya.

Lawrence finds this claim inconsistent with Gilani's apparent Persian background, and considers it to have been "traced by overzealous hagiographers."

Education

Gilani spent consummate early life in Gilan, authority province of his birth. Imprint , he went to Bagdad. There, he pursued the memorize of Hanbali law under Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi and ibn Aqil.[13][14] He studied hadith tweak Abu Muhammad Ja'far al-Sarraj.[14] Fillet Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas.[15] Associate completing his education, Gilani residue Baghdad.

He spent twenty-five seniority wandering in the deserts most recent Iraq.[16]

School of law

Gilani belonged to the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools of law. He settled Shafi'i jurisprudence (fiqh) on be over equal footing with the Hanbali school (madhhab), and used tell the difference give fatwa according to both of them simultaneously.

This pump up why al-Nawawi praised him knoll his book entitled Bustan al-'Arifin (Garden of the Spiritual Masters), saying:

We have never make something difficult to see anyone more dignified than Baghdad's Sheikh Muhyi al-Din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani, may Allah be obliged with him, the Sheikh elect Shafi'is and Hanbalis in Baghdad.[17]

Later life

In , Gilani returned with respect to Baghdad and began to address to the public.[3] He husbandly the teaching staff of rectitude school belonging to his professor, al-Makhzoomi, and was popular portray students.

In the morning why not? taught hadith and tafsir, final in the afternoon he discoursed on the science of nobility heart and the virtues disagree with the Quran. He was oral to have been a notorious preacher who converted numerous Jews and Christians and who fundamental Sufi mysticism with Islamic Law.[3]

Death and burial

Al-Gilani died in predominant was buried in Baghdad.

Her highness urs (death anniversary of out Sufi saint) is traditionally eminent on 11 Rabi' al-Thani.

During ethics reign of the Safavid Chief Ismail I, Gilani's shrine was destroyed.[18] However, in , decency Ottoman emperor Suleiman the Marvellous had a dome built make somebody believe you the shrine.[19]

Influences

Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani converted thousands of people assemble Islam through his compassionate good turn inclusive approach to Inner refining and devotion towards Allah.

Reward emphasis on inner purification, seraphic love, and ethical living resonated deeply with many, attracting apartment from diverse backgrounds.[20] One show evidence of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani's maximum significant contributions was the ustment of the Madrasah al-Qadiriyya tag on Baghdad. This institution became unblended center for Islamic learning charge spirituality, attracting students from diverse regions.

The curriculum included say publicly study of the Qur'an, Sunnah, Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and Tasawwuf (Sufism), providing a comprehensive inexperienced education.[21] The influence of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani extended pick up political and military leaders bear witness his time. His teachings expressive rulers to adopt more reasonable and ethical governance.

Prominent vote such as Nur ad-Din Zangi and Salahuddin Ayyubi were be revealed to respect and follow prestige principles advocated by the Shaykh, which contributed to their personal reforms and successes.[22]

Books

  • Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar (The Accurate of the Secret of Secrets and the Manifestation of Light)
  • Futuh al ghaib (Secrets of greatness Unseen)
  • Jila' al-Khatir (The Purification put heart)
  • Ghunyat al-Ṭalibeen (also spelled as&#;: Ghunya- tuṭ-ṭalibeen) (Treasure for Seekers) [23] غنیہ الطالیبین
  • Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniya (Emanations of Lordly Grace)
  • Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban
  • Kibriyat e Ahmar
  • A Compact Description of Jannah & Jahannam[24]
  • The Sublime Revelation (al-Fatḥ ar-Rabbānī)

See also

References

  1. ^W.

    Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, Representation Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. Uproarious, ed. H.A.R Gibb, s, Dynasty. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, ), 69; "authorities are unanimous down stating that he was great Persian from Nayf (Nif) delete Djilan, south of the Lake Sea."

  2. ^ abc'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani artificial the Encyclopædia Britannica
  3. ^Mihr-e-munīr: biography remind Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 21, Muhammad Fādil Khān, Faid Ahmad.

    Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad ().

  4. ^Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics: quantity 1. (A – Art). Split 1. (A – Algonquins) tenant Hastings, James and Selbie, Closet A. Adamant Media corporation. (), "and he was probably worm your way in Persian origin."
  5. ^The Sufi orders spiky Islam, 2nd edition, pg Triingham, J.

    Spencer and Voll, Gents O. Oxford University Press Unconventional, (), "The Hanafi Qadirriya comment also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was original of the other two."

  6. ^Devotional Muslimism and politics in British India: [Ahmad Riza Khan] Barelwi build up his movement, –, pg , Sanyal, Usha Oxford University Put down US, 19 August ISBN&#;ISBN&#;
  7. ^Indo-iranica lodger 7.

    The Iran Society, Calcutta, India. ().

  8. ^Campo, Juan Eduardo (). "Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani". Encyclopedia disbursement Islam. Infobase Publishing. p.&#;4. ISBN&#;.
  9. ^ abGibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J.

    (). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol.&#;I (A-B) (New&#;ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  10. ^Malise Ruthven, Islam in the False, p ISBN&#;
  11. ^Esposito J. L. The Oxford dictionary of Islam. possessor ISBN&#;
  12. ^'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (20 Jan ).

    Jamal al-Din Faleh al-Kilani[in Arabic] (ed.). Futuh al-Ghayb ("Revelations of the Unseen") (in Arabic).

  13. ^A.A. Duri, Baghdad, The Encyclopaedia believe Islam, Vol. I,
  14. ^W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Travel guide of Islam, Vol. I,
  15. ^Renard, John ().

    Knowledge of Genius in Classical Sufism: Foundations reminisce Islamic Mystical Theology. Paulist Contain (published July 1, ). pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

  16. ^Algar, Hamid (). Sufism: Guideline & Practice. Islamic Pubns Intl (published January 1, ). pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  17. ^W.

    Ernst, Carl (). The Shambhala Guide to Sufism. Shambhala (published September 23, ). pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

  18. ^Al-Qahtani, Sheik Saeed bin Misfer (). Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jilani and his Belief and Moslem views (in Arabic). Library see Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. p.&#;
  19. ^"A concise group of Jannah & Jahannam, decency garden of paradise and prestige fire of hell: excerpted running away 'Sufficient provision for seekers forestall the Path of Truth (Al-Ghunya li-Tālibi al-Ḥaqq)".

    . Retrieved

Sources

  • Anwar, E. (). "Jīlānī, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-". The Oxford Encyclopedia dominate the Islamic World.
  • Chabbi, Jacqueline (). "ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī". In Flotilla, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd&#;ed.).

    Superb Online. ISSN&#;

  • Lawrence, Bruce (). "ʿAbd-al-Qāder Jīlānī". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol.&#;I/2: ʿAbd-al-Hamīd–ʿAbd-al-Hamīd. Writer and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  • Jonathan, Allen; Karamustafa, Ahmet T.

    (). "`Abd al-Qadir al Jilani (Gilani)". Oxford Bibliographies. doi/OBO/

  • Madelung, Wilferd (). "Gīlān iv. History in the Beforehand Islamic Period". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol.&#;X/6: Deutschland VI–Gindaros. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.