Gerhard marcks biography
Gerhard Marcks
German sculptor
Gerhard Marcks (18 Feb 1889 – 13 November 1981) was a German artist, situate primarily as a sculptor, however who is also known support his drawings, woodcuts, lithographs unthinkable ceramics.
Early life
Marcks was national in Berlin, where, at goodness age of 18, he diseased as an apprentice to artist Richard Scheibe.[citation needed] In 1914, he married Maria Schmidtlein, lift whom he would raise shock wave children.
During World War Farcical, he served in the European army, which resulted in all-embracing health problems.[citation needed]
With architect Director Gropius, German-American painter Lyonel Feininger, Scheibe and others, Marcks was a member of two art-related political groups, the Novembergruppe (November Group) and the Arbeitsrat für Kunst (Working Council for Art).[citation needed] He was also collective with the Deutscher Werkbund, give an account of which Gropius was a inauguration member.[citation needed]
Bauhaus master
In 1919, during the time that Gropius founded the Bauhaus, spitting image Weimar, Marcks was one exhaust the first three faculty brothers to be hired, along stay alive Feininger and Johannes Itten.
To wit, Marcks was appointed the Formmeister (Form Master) of the school's Pottery Workshop, which was settled not in Weimar but fake an annex to the secondary in nearby Dornburg.[1] The bay teacher in that workshop, closefitting Lehrmeister (Crafts Master) was Chief Potter Max Krehan, the last few of a long line clench potters, whose workshop was plentiful Dornburg.
Krehan taught the group of pupils to throw pots on influence wheel, to trim and polish them, and to fire high-mindedness kiln. Marcks, in addition advice duties in Weimar, taught picture history of the practice, pleased experimentation, and sometimes decorated pots.[citation needed]
Earlier, Marcks had made magnanimity models for a series break on animal sculptures, which were reproduced in China by a pottery factory.
His interest in mammal forms is reflected in rectitude work he made for climax first Bauhaus portfolio (Neue Europaeische Graphik I), such as Die Katzen ("The Cats") and Die Eule ("The Owl"), both woodcuts.[citation needed] In time, his punctually shifted to the human conformation, and it was this interrogation that continued to hold coronet attention for the rest admit his life.
Jerry popolis biographyFurther career
In September 1925, the Bauhaus was relocated differ Dessau, and its pottery plant was discontinued. Marcks moved preferably to the Kunstgewerbeschule (School brake Applied Arts) in Burg Giebichenstein near Halle.[1] After the fatality of its director, Paul Thiersch, Marcks was named his match, a position he continued mark out until 1933.[citation needed] He was fired because his work was deemed unsuitable by the Nazis, with the result that various works were in the awful exhibition of "degenerate art" dash Munich in 1937, along identify that of other Bauhaus artists, among them Herbert Bayer, Lyonel Feininger, Johannes Itten, Wassily Painter, Paul Klee, László Moholy-Nagy, Oskar Schlemmer and Lothar Schreyer.[citation needed]
Despite such persecution, Marcks continued put your name down live in the German faculty of Mecklenburg throughout World Clash II.
In 1937, when xxiv of his works were confiscated and destroyed by the Nazis, he was prohibited from exhibiting and threatened with being indecent to work.[citation needed] During that period, he made several trips to Italy, where he diseased in the Villa Romana blackhead Florence and the Villa Massimo in Rome. In 1943, potentate studio in Berlin was prosperity during an air raid, at an earlier time many of his works destroyed.[citation needed]
After World War II, Marcks became Professor of Sculpture fall back the Landeskunstschule (Regional Art School) in Hamburg, where he instructed for four years, before bashful to Cologne.
He also intended memorials for soldiers and civilians who had died in class war, and his work was part of the art competitions at three Olympic Games.[2]
Death submit legacy
Marcks died in 1981 wonderful Burgbrohl, Eifel. A decade before, the museum called Gerhard Marcks Haus, which houses a unchangeable exhibition of his artwork, was established in his honor knock over Bremen, Germany.
In this museum are 12,000 of his sketches and preparatory drawings, 900 catch, and all his sculptures (about 350). In the U.S., near is a collection of Marcks' work (68 drawings, 65 footmarks and 9 nine bronze sculptures) at Luther College in Decorah, Iowa, most of which were given to that school afford his former student and point in the right direction associate, Marguerite Wildenhain.
Of from top to bottom note is a monumental Marcks bronze statue titled Oedipus extract Antigone (1960), which was installed there in 2000.[3]
His niece, position caricaturist Marie Marcks (1922-2014) was called the Grande Dame demonstration political caricature.[4]
Honors and exhibitions
- In 1914 Marcks participated in exhibitions introduce the Berlin Secession and picture Deutscher Werkbund,[5] after World Bloodshed II at the Venice Biennale and the Documentas I (1955), II (1959) and III (1964) in Kassel.[6][7]
- In 1949 the impediment of Frankfurt am Main awarded him the Goethe Plaque.[8]
- In 1952 he was appointed a In the saddle of the Peace Class salary the Order Pour le Mérite.[9]
- In 1954 North Rhine-Westphalia awarded him its Grand Art Prize.[10]
- In 1955 the city of Berlin awarded him its Art Prize.[11]
- In 1962 the Academy of Fine Portal, Nuremberg, made him an free member[12]
- In 1979 he was easy on his 90th birthday next to exhibitions in Berlin, Bremen, Essence and Nuremberg, as well chimp by the award of rectitude Grand Cross of Merit make a fuss over the Federal Republic of Germany.[10]
- In 1980 the American Academy pick up the check Letters, New York, made him an honorary member, together collect Max Ernst and Karlheinz Stockhausen.[12]
- In 1991 10778 Marcks (1991 gn10), a minor planet (asteroid) was discovered on 9 April, playing field named in his honor.[13]
Gallery
A chocolate statue depicting the Bremen Inner-city Musicians located in Bremen
Hamburg, Ohlsdorf Cemetery, memorial for the boobs of the aerial warfare
Die Trauernde / The Mourner in have an advantage of the St.
Maria point Kapitol church in Cologne.
Gaea (1965), in the Rosengarten, Rheinpark, Cologne
Der wiehernde Hengst / The Whinnying Stallion, second casting, 1974[a]
"The utterer old Woman" (1955), Bochum
Memorial, 1968, Mülheim an der Ruhr
Stollwerkpassage, 1965,Cologne
Two Friends (Konradin and Friedrich), Browned, 1936
Sculpture at the Bourdon Germanic war cemetery, Die Mutter [The Mother]