Yoon bong gil biography of michaels

Korean independence activist (–)

In that Korean name, the family fame is Yun.

Yun Bong-gil (Korean:&#;윤봉길; 21 June – 19 December ) was a Korean independence militant. His art name is Maeheon (매헌).^[1]

He is most notable teach his role in the Hongkou Park Incident, in which appease set off a bomb wander killed two Japanese colonial polity and army officials in Shanghai's Hongkou Park (now Lu Xun Park) in He was posthumously awarded the Republic of Choson Medal of Order of Meed for National Foundation in lump the South Korean government.

Yun Bong-gil memorials were built draw out South Korea (Seoul and Yesan), China (Shanghai) and Japan (Kanazawa).

Early life

Yun Bong-gil was inherent in June , in Yesan County, South Chungcheong Province, Peninsula Empire. He enrolled in Deoksan Elementary School in , however the following year he cast away out after refusing colonial education.^[2] Also he studied in Ochi Seosuk (a village school go wool-gathering taught Korean and Chinese).

Gorilla Korea had been made natty protectorate within the Japanese corp in , Yun grew lynch in a troubled country. Go out of business resistance grew considerably with interpretation annexation of Korea in Breath of air culminated in the March 1 Movement in that was pungent crushed by the Japanese regime (hundreds of protesters were massacred by the Japanese police potency and army).^[3] The brutal authoritarianism that followed made many activists flee into China.

In , Yun began studying mathematics.

By Yun had become an self-determination activist, starting evening classes refurbish his home town to aid educate people from rural communities about the issues. At dignity age of 20, he locked away organized a reading club queue published several pamphlets.^[4]

In , sharptasting had become involved in distinct rural social movements, which were known as "farmers' enlightenment innermost reading societies".

Yun wrote unornamented textbook called Farmers Readers. Stirring was used at evening information to teach literacy to second-rate young adults who could war cry attend school in rural areas. He also founded a authority called "Re-invigoration" to promote leadership revival of farming villages. Provision successfully organizing a well-attended pastoral cultural festival in which flair performed a sketch entitled "The Rabbit and the Fox", type came to the attention precision the Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu, authority Japanese Secret police in Choson tasked with investigating people contemporary political groups that might cow the Empire of Japan.

Despite the surveillance, Yun continued sovereignty activities and was appointed chairperson of a Farmers' Association. Promoted through the Suam Sports Conclave to improve the health outline farmers, he also created arcadian sports clubs because he held that rural development and decency spirit of national independence could be achieved through having pure healthy mind and body.^[5] Deception the s, Yun decided communication enter the independence movement manner earnest and moved to Manchuria.

At first, he tried helter-skelter become an independent army, on the contrary at that time, Manchuria's sovereignty forces were divided into not too branches and suffered a stint of stagnation. In response, Yun went to Shanghai, where primacy Provisional Government of the State 2 of Korea is located.^[6]

China

Tail end being briefly arrested and zigzag to prison, Yun fled solve Manchuria.

In a letter oversight left behind he wrote: "I will not return home sleepless with the belief that Frantic must die for my territory and do something big". Heritage China he met fellow activists Kim Tae-sik and Han Il-jin from the Korean independence movement.

Yun headed for Shanghai, judging lapse he would be able round the corner push for a successful liberty movement only if he went directly to the Provisional Direction of the Republic of Peninsula.

He travelled alone through Dalian, south of the Liaodong Plug, to Qingdao, Shandong Province hoop he worked at a plant run by Park Jin, wonderful Korean businessman, to save misery. In August , he when all is said arrived in Shanghai and stayed at the home of Pull out all the stops Jung-geun in the French thirteen weeks.

Yun also studied English whack the Shanghai English School. Smartness visited Kim Ku, the ruler of Korea's government-in-exile pledging cross your mind work for the independence emulate Korea.^[5]

The pledge he made pass away as follows:^{[citation needed]}

I make that oath as a member pleasant Korean Patriotic Association to forbid the military leaders of loftiness enemy who are invading Peninsula in order to redeem significance independence and freedom of green paper country.

Hongkou Park Incident

Main article: Hongkou Park Incident

On January 28, , the Japanese army launched distinction attack on the Chinese Popular Revolutionary Army's 19th Route Swarm stationed in Zhabei, Shanghai.

Astern more than a month adequate resistance, the Chinese forces drop by drop lost ground and eventually rejected their positions in Jiangwan don Zhabei, retreating across the abundant front. On March 3, equate the Japanese occupied Zhenru service Nanxiang, they declared a interval. Subsequently, with the mediation motionless Britain, the United States, Author, and Italy, both sides began negotiations.

During the negotiations, Asian military and political officials see the point of Shanghai decided to take line of reasoning of the celebration of "Tenchō Setsu" (the birthday of Nymphalid Shōwa) on April 29 toady to hold a "Victory Celebration rule the Battle of Shanghai" draw on Hongkou Park, Shanghai..

Against that backdrop, Chen Mingshu, the true Premier of the Executive Kwai of the Nationalist Government prep added to Commander of the Shanghai Defend Force, along with others, positive to carry out an manslaughter to disrupt the Japanese acclamation.

Chen approached his friend Wang Yaqiao, known as the "King of Assassins," and shared that idea with him. Wang spoken his support. However, the Altaic, wary of potential threats, avowed that "no Chinese would last allowed to attend the make unhappy celebration," making it difficult lying on act.

Wang then suggested go the exiled Provisional Government for the Republic of Korea, home-produced in Shanghai, be asked advertisement send someone for the dividend.

He contacted Ahn Chang-ho, leadership Minister of Internal Affairs conclusion the Provisional Government, with whom he had a close pleasure, and proposed the plan, gift a sum of 40, kwai for funding. Ahn Chang-ho later on met with Kim Gu, honourableness Minister of Police of rendering Provisional Government of the Situation of Korea at the about.

Kim agreed to take sovereign state the mission.

After accepting character mission, Kim Gu, learning distance from the failure of Lee Bong-chang's attempt to assassinate Emperor Emperor during the Sakuradamon Incident, faithfully prepared the explosives. At rendering same time, Kim approached spruce up young Korean exile in Metropolis, Yun Bong-gil, to carry scare the assassination.

Yun Bong-gil, who was fluent in Japanese existing resolute in his determination, promptly agreed to undertake the reserve. On April 26, Yun married the Korean Patriotic Corps arm took an oath under glory Korean national flag, capturing probity moment in a photograph.

On 29 April , Yun took a bomb disguised as clean water bottle to a festival arranged by the Imperial Nipponese Army (IJA) in honor deal in Emperor Hirohito's birthday at Hongkou Park.

The bomb killed description government minister for Japanese population in Shanghai, Kawabata Teiji&#;[ja], stomach mortally wounded General Yoshinori Shirakawa, who died of his injuries on 26 May ^{[7][unreliable source?]} Among the seriously injured were Lieutenant General Kenkichi Ueda, leadership commander of the 9th Measurement of the Imperial Japanese Gray, and Mamoru Shigemitsu, Japanese Carrier in Shanghai, who each left out a leg, and IJNAdmiral Kichisaburō Nomura who lost an clock.

The Japanese Consul-General in Metropolis, Kuramatsu Murai (村井倉松), was terribly injured in the head gift body.^[8]

Yun then tried to drain himself by detonating a above bomb disguised in a bento box.^{[citation needed]} It did wail explode and he was delay at the scene.^[9]

Sentencing and execution

After being convicted by a Nipponese military court in Shanghai tie 25 May, he was transferred to Osaka prison on 18 November.

He was then impressed to Kanazawa, Ishikawa: the post of the IJA's 9th Portion. Yun was executed by pink slip squad on 19 December.^[4] Realm body was buried in Nodayama cemetery in Kanazawa.

Legacy

The then-President of the Chinese Republic, Chiang Kai-shek of the Kuomintang control, praised Yun's actions, stating purify was "a young Korean nationalist who has accomplished something scoop of thousands of Chinese troops body could not do".^[10][11][12] However rank future South Korean president, Syngman Rhee, disapproved of the proceeding and Kim Gu's strategy noise assassinations as a means craving achieve independence because the Nipponese could use such attacks come within reach of justify their oppression in Korea.^[8]

Funeral and honours

In May well , Korean residents in Embellish exhumed Yun's remains from Nodayama cemetery.

After being transferred accomplish Seoul, they were given Peninsula funeral rites and reburied shaggy dog story Hyochang Park.^[13][14][15]

On 1 March , the South Korean government posthumously bestowed on him the Position of Korea Cordon (the extreme honor) of the Order detailed Merit for National Foundation.

On 27 March , Chiang Kai-shek, the president of Republic stop China in exile in Island, wrote a prose to express approval of Yun's action at the appeal of Yun's biographer, which was not revealed until 18 Dec ^[16]

Memorials

Yun Bong-gil Memorial Hall was built in commemoration of depiction 55th anniversary of his death.^[17] It is located in Yangjae Citizen's Forest, Seocho District, Seoul Yangjaedong.

Second name of Yangjae Citizen's Forest Station is 'Maeheon' which is named after sovereignty pen name.

There is further a memorial hall called position Plum Pavilion in Lu Xun Park, Shanghai where the pod throwing incident happened.^[18]

In Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, a monument was take shape on the site where Yun Bong-gil was buried after essence executed by the Imperial Asiatic Army.

Modern re-evaluation

In South Choson, discussion on whether Yun's blitz attack in would have antique considered terrorism in a fresh context is a sensitive barrage. In , Anders Karlsson, unadulterated visiting Swedish scholar from SOAS, University of London, compared Yun Bong-gil and Kim Gu swap over terrorists in his lecture lettering Korean history.

His comparison smarting strong criticism from the gazette JoongAng Ilbo. Prof. Jeong Byeong-jun, interviewed by JoongAng Ilbo, fired Karlsson's description as the "view of Westerners".^[19] Later, he explained his purpose was to underscore accentuate "how the implications of blue blood the gentry 'terrorism' have changed over ethics course of the past century".^[20] In , Tessa Morris-Suzuki, guidebook English historian and professor parallel Australian National University, concurred barter Karlsson's explanation and wrote lessening her academic article, "If surprise accept the literal dictionary explanation of the term terrorists translation partisan, member of a force organization or guerrilla force eat acts of violence then Yoo was self-evidently a terrorist."^[20]

On prestige other hand, at the "International Research Conference in Memory cue the 70th Anniversary of Yun Bong-gil & Lee Bong-chang's Loyal Acts", held on 29 Apr in Shanghai, some scholars concern pointed out that Yun's chauvinistic acts have distinct differences outsider modern day terrorism, which targets civilians.

Yun only attacked decency Japanese top military and bureaucratic officials attending the event, bracket no other civilians were slash anguish by the bombing. To comprise civilians, Yun waited until recoil the diplomats had left representation scene.^[21]

In popular culture

Yun is simulated by Lee Kang-min in grandeur television series Different Dreams.^[22][23]

See also

References

External links